Woodbridge Grill

Engine Rider

Search Engine Optimization vs. Search Engine Marketing

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Search Engine Marketing are very common words for people associated with Internet and E-Commerce. Most of the people think that both the terms are same and relate to website optimization and promotion. Well, it is true that both SEO and SEM are related with websites optimization and promotion. Even, the ultimate goal of both SEO and SEM is to drive organic traffic to the website, generate leads and increase incoming revenue. However, it is not right to say that both these terms have same meaning.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Search Engine Optimization deals with making a website Search engine friendly, so that the contents from different web pages of website can be easily indexed by Search Engine crawlers. SEO is in fact initial step in all Website Optimization and Promotional campaigns. Search Engine Optimization process takes care of several important aspects, like:

1. Designing/Modifying existing design of website for easy navigation
2. Implementing file/directory/image naming principles of SEO
3. Keyword analysis depending upon the targeted niche
4. Creation of web pages with keyword rich contents
5. Including most relevant META tags in all web pages of website

Above described things are very important in order to make your website ready for Search Engines as well as potential visitors. The initial success of your website completely depends upon SEO. If your website is not properly optimized for Search Engines, you can’t expect sudden increase in number of visitors and revenues coming from your website.

Search Engine Marketing (SEM)

Search Engine Marketing deals with all aspects of promoting a website through various means. Whatever we do to promote a website and to increase the incoming traffic towards a website comes under Search Engine Marketing (including SEO). In brief, SEM covers all free and paid online promotion and advertising techniques. Search Engine Marketing (SEM) includes following actions:

1. Search Engine Optimization
2. Search Engine Submission
3. Paid or Sponsor Listing in Search Engines
4. Online Ad Placement (Banner or Link Advertising)
5. PPC Campaigns
6. Email/Newsletter Marketing, and
7. Social Network/Social Media Marketing

In brief we can say that, Search Engine Optimization is just a part of Search Engine Marketing. Another thing is that Search Engine Optimization deals with mostly internal tweaks in website, for which you don’t have to spend money. However, most of SEM actions required prior investment but in return they provide instant results.

About the Author

Easy Submission simplifies the complex task of website submission to search engines, article submission, directory submission, and social bookmarking for optimizing websites. For more information visit us at: http://www.easysubmission.net

I HAVE A Snapper Rear ENGINE RIDER MOWER AND I CAN'T FIND THE MODEL NUMBER ON IT. IT HAS A SERVICE TICKET 1990?

Usually there is a metal ID tag riveted to the frame of the machine, this tag is usually located on the rear of the of the machine look for this tag, if you do not find the tag look for signs of broken rivets or they may have been intentionally removed. Go to, or bring the mower to a snapper dealer, they should be able to identify it for you

KRW Kamen Rider Accel Engine Blade

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Engine Crankshaft

Marine Diesel Engine Maintenance

In a conventional marine diesel engine the power is produced by hot compressed air igniting fuel sprayed under very High Pressure into the cylinder head. A marine diesel engine does not use a carburetor to mix fuel and air or spark plugs to ignite the mixture. Instead it employs the pistons to compress the air to 3000 kPa which causes it to become extremely hot and the fuel is ignited as soon as it is injected into the cylinder.

Some marine diesel engines are fitted with a heater plug in the inlet manifold or a glow plug in the pre-combustion chamber of each cylinder to provide additional heat to the combustion air during starting.

Diesel engines are heavier and slower revving than petrol engines but they are also more reliable because they do not rely on external carburetion or an electrical spark for ignition.

Newer engines use an electronic fuel injection system whereby fuel and air are mixed more thoroughly in the pre-combustion chamber before entering the cylinder. This system maximizes power and fuel economy and is also less polluting.

Every boater should have an understanding of how their engine works so let's start by explaining the mechanical cycles.

Most reciprocating piston internal combustion engines work on one of two mechanical cycles-either the four-stroke cycle or the two-stroke cycle. These cycles designate, in correct sequence, the mechanical actions by which the fuel and air gain access to the Engine Cylinder, the Gas Pressure - due to combustion - is converted to power and, finally, the burnt gas is expelled from the engine cylinder.

The Basic Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

From its name, it is obvious there are four strokes in one complete engine cycle. A stroke is the movement of the piston through the Full Length of the cylinder and - since one such movement causes the crankshaft to rotate half a turn - it follows that there are two crankshaft revolutions in one complete engine cycle.

The four strokes in the order they occur are:

1. Inlet stroke. With the inlet valve open and the Exhaust Valve closed, the piston moves from top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC), creating a low-pressure area in the cylinder. Clean, filtered air rushes through the open inlet valve to relieve this low-pressure area, and the cylinder fills with air.

2. Compression stroke. With both valves closed, the piston moves from BDC to TDC, compressing the air. During this stroke the air becomes heated to a temperature sufficiently high to ignite the fuel.

3. Power stroke. At approximately TDC, the fuel is injected, or sprayed, into the hot, compressed air, where it ignites, burns and expands. Both valves remain closed, and the pressure acts on the piston crown, forcing it down the cylinder from TDC to BDC.

4. Exhaust stroke. At approximately BDC the exhaust valve opens and the piston starts to move from BDC to TDC, driving the burnt gas out of the cylinder through the open exhaust valve.

The Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

The two-stroke engine uses two piston strokes to complete one power stroke and, therefore, fire twice as often as a four-stroke engine. A two-stroke engine is smaller and simpler with fewer moving parts. A two-stroke engine has the potential to produce twice as much power as a four-stroke engine of the same size, however, because of the extra fitting required in a two-stroke diesel engine, for example blowers and governors, they become more expensive to produce. There has been a shift towards four stroke diesel engines which have become more efficient and smaller.

Protect Your Marine Diesel Engine

Protect your engine by avoiding long periods (more than 10 minutes) of idling in a "no-load" situation. This is often done to charge batteries or cool refrigeration but if done repeatedly it will glaze the bores of the engine and cause premature engine failure. If the vessel is in a berth the engine can be put in gear to create load at idle.

All boat owners should have an understanding of basic marine diesel Engine Maintenance to keep themselves and their families safe on the water.

About the Author

Chris Miley is an online author and a keen boater. You can find out more about maintaining your marine diesel engine at his website
Marine Diesel Secrets
and the
Pontoon Boat Site
.

how to analyze marine engine crankshaft deflection?

You may have to do your own home work on this one. Are you talking about?--

Your piston has an off set piston pin. Your crank journal is just a freckle ahead of top dead center. The combined result is to put the piston on top dead center while the journal is actually starting its down stroke. This is a more efficient use of the power of the down stroke as the flywheel doesn't have to pull the crank past TDC before the piston has the desired effect on it.

The big exception is the merc direct drive outboard without a reverse in the lower unit. It started in reverse running backward (sometimes)-also refered to as the "suicide six". Really big ships can run backward ,so I imagine they have a similar setup, but don't really know.- so

Engine crankshaft animation

Briggs and Stratton 331877-0036-G1 540cc 21.0 Gross HP Intek Engine with 1-Inch x 3-5/32-Inch Length Crankshaft Tapped 7/16-20 $494.99 Briggs & Stratton 21 HP Intek Vertical OHV Engine with Electric Start delivers top performance to meet the demands of professionals. The OHV engine features a pressure lubrication system with an automotive full-flow style spin-on oil filter that cleans contaminants from the oil. U.S.A. Engine Displacement (cc): 540, Start Type: Electric, Application: Riding lawn mowers and lawn tractors, Shaft Di...

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OTC 4731 Honda/Acura Crankshaft Damper Holding Tool $24.43 Tool allows the technician to hold the crankshaft damper when tightening or loosening the crankshaft bolt. Works on the following Honda and Acura engines: 19901997 Honda Accord 2.2L 4 cyl.19961997 Honda Accord 2.7L V-6 1998newer Honda Accord 2.3L 4 cyl. & 3.0L V-6 1992newer Honda Civic 1.6L 4 cyl. 1997newer Honda CR-V 2.0L 4 cyl. 19931997 Honda Del Sol 1.6L 4 cyl. 2000newer Honda Insight 1.0L 3 c...

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Engine Rebuild Kit

A car would be stranded without a fuel system. Before experiencing this bad situation, learning some repairing techniques might be helpful. One might want to learn repairs for an automotive fuel system. A car's fuel system is based on either a carburetor or a fuel-injection system. The car Service Manual can tell which one is present.

Carburetor Replacement

The carburetor is a vital part of a car's power system since cars first drank or guzzled gas. To replace a carburetor, follow this simple guide:

1. Open the car's hood and find the carburetor. It is under a metal part known as the air-Filter Housing. The large hose has to be disconnected and remove the nut from the housing.

2. After seeing the carburetor, the throttle linkage and carburetor Fuel Line has to be disconnected.

3. Now the carburetor has to be removed. Many cars would require removing a couple of nuts at the edges.

4. The gasket between the Intake Manifold and the carburetor has to be removed. You must rub it off if it's stuck.

5. Rebuild or buy the carburetor. Rebuilding a carburetor means to take it apart, drench its parts in a cleaner, re-assembling the parts and then adjusting them by following the kit instructions.

6. Now put in the rebuilt or new carburetor in a reverse way in how it was taken out. Install the new carb, new gasket, attach the lines, a new air-filter housing and then the earlier one.

7. Finally, the carburetor can now be adjusted by following directions in the service manual.

Repairing Fuel-Injection

Fuel-injection systems are simpler as compared to carburetion systems. For proper working of the car, they may need sporadic repair or replacement. Throttle-body and multiport are the two most common types of fuel-injection systems nowadays. A throttle-body fuel-injection system is comparable to a carburetor while a multipart fuel-injection system controls the fuel distribution electronically.

To repair fuel-injection systems, follow this simple guide:

1. First, the pressure has to be relieved in the fuel system because fuel-injection systems are pressurized. The procedure is mentioned cars service manual or an aftermarket manual. Normally the filler cap on the Fuel Tank is removed and the specified pressure reliever is loosened.

2. The manufacturer's directions have to be followed for testing, repairing or replacement of components. Sometimes, a system can be simply fixed by tracing down all the wires and hoses.

3. In case the car's fuel-injection system is repaired within a reasonable time and cost, one should not try to act superior.

Repairing Fuel Tank and Fuel Line

For repairing fuel tanks and fuel lines, follow these steps:

1. Inspect the car's fuel tank and fuel lines and look for little wet spots. Touch them with a touch and sniff it to see if it is gasoline. If it is, then find other leaks and it should be repaired or replaced.

2. For repairing the fuel tank, buy an external or internal fuel tank sealer and apply it. External sealers are easily applied to the external holes of the engine and internal sealers seal all seen and hidden holes.

3. For replacing the fuel tank, it has to be depressurized first. Then draw off the fuel from the tank into gas cans. Separate the fuel tank from the output fuel line and inlet pipe. Take out the straps that attach the fuel tank to the car, Replace it with a re-built or new replacement tank.

4. For repairing a fuel line, it should be first determined how much replacement it needs. A rusted fuel line will quickly entice other holes and must be replaced while a damaged line can be repaired. A rubber fuel line which has a leak is probably old and needs to be replaced completely. A straight fuel line along with some flaring and bending tools would have to be purchased to fit it in the car.

Fuel Pump Repair

For repairing the fuel pump, follow this short guide:

1. Locate the fuel pump, the car service manual guides in pinpointing it.

2. Test it by removing the fuel lines from the pump. Use Vise-Grip pliers for clamping a rubber input line or use a cap or a wad of putty for a metal line. Check the fuel pump output pressure and volume.

3. For removing the fuel pump, remove its mounting bolts. Disconnect any electrical wiring. Draw off any gas present in the fuel pump. Be cautious and don't smoke while working.

4. The fuel pump has to be replaced with the one which has the same output. The car's specifications tell about the volume and pressure produced by the fuel pump.

You should also know about car fuel system repairs and if you think that you cannot do the job, you should try finding A good mechanic.

Im orderin an Engine Rebuild kit and its askin me for the required oip pump is asks for 5/8 inlet tube and 3/4

Im ordering a engine rebuild kit and the website wants to know what Oil Pump is requird a 5/8 inlet tube or 3/4, I have a 93 Z71 Blazer how do i know which one i need? also its asking me for the main bearing size: .010 .020 .030. 040, piston and rings size: .020 .030 .040 .060 and rod bearing size: .010 .020 .030 .040 also whats the stock piston style dished or flattop. I really dont want to order the wrong engine kit and it not work if thats even possible. I would really appreciate any guidence. Im in Iraq so my souces are limited

engine size 305 or 350 (most likely inz71 pkg)? you'll have to measure the pump tube. if you've got a knocking noise (rod bearing), then your crank will get resurfaced. same with the rings and having the block resurfaced. the different rod bearing and ring sizes compensate for all that. as for flat top or dished i dunno?

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Toyota Land Cruiser

Chronology

Prehistory

In 1941 the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the Philippines, where they obtained a Bantam Mk II, and promptly brought it to Japan. The Japanese military authorities commanded Toyota to make a similar vehicle but to not model the appearance on the American Jeep. The prototype was called the Model AK and was formally adopted by The Japanese Imperial Army as the Yon-Shiki Kogata Kamotsu-Sha ( The Imperial era 2604th model compact cargo-truck ).

Later in 1941 the Japanese government asked Toyota to produce a light truck for the Japan military campaign. Toyota developed a 1/2 ton prototype called the AK10 in 1942. The AK10 was built using reverse-engineering from the Bantam GP. There are no known surviving photographs of the AK10. The only known pictorial representations are some rough sketches. The truck featured an upright front grille, flat Front Wheel arches that angled down and back like the FJ40, headlights mounted above the wheel arches on either side of the radiator and a folding windshield.

The AK10 used the 2259 cc, 4-cylinder Type C engine from the Toyota Model AE sedan with a three-speed manual transmission and two-speed transfer gearbox connected to it. There is no mechanical relationship between the AK10 and the postwar Toyota "Jeep" BJ. Most of the AK10's were not actively used (unlike the U.S. Jeep) and there are almost no photographs of it in the battlefield.

BJ and FJ

BJ and FJ

Production

1951-1955

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door Softtop

Layout

FR layout

Engine(s)

3.4 L I6 B petrol

3.9 L I6 F petrol

Wheelbase

2,650 mm (104.3 in)

1950 - The Korean War created demand for a military light utility vehicle. The war put a Jeep on Japan's doorstep. The United States government ordered 100 vehicles with the new Willys specs and Toyota was asked to build them.

1951 - The Toyota "Jeep" BJ prototype was developed in January 1951. This came from the demand for military-type utility vehicles, much like the British Land Rover Series 1 that appeared in 1948. The Jeep BJ was larger than the original U.S. Jeep and more powerful thanks to its Type B 3.4-liter six-cylinder OHV Gasoline Engine which generated 85 hp (63 kW) at 3600 rpm and 215 Nm (159 lbft) torque at 1600 rpm. It had a part-time four-Wheel Drive system like the Jeep. Unlike the Jeep, however, the Jeep BJ had no low-range transfer case.

1951 - In July 1951, Toyota's test driver Ichiro Taira drove the next generation of the Jeep BJ prototype up to the sixth stage of Mount Fuji, the first vehicle to climb that high. The test was overseen by the National Police Agency (NPA). Impressed by this feat, the NPA quickly placed an order for 289 of these offroad vehicles, making the Jeep BJ their official patrol car.

1953 - Regular production of the "Toyota Jeep BJ" began at Toyota Honsya Plant (Rolling chassis assembly), and body assembly and painting was done at Arakawa Bankin Kogyo KK, later known as ARACO (now an affiliate of Toyota Auto Body Co.). The "Toyota Jeep BJ" Series was introduced alongside the following:

BJ-T (Touring),

BJ-R (Radio),

BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

1954 - The name "Land Cruiser" was created by the technical director Hanji Umehara. "In England we had another competitor - Land Rover. I had to come up with a name for our car that would not sound less dignified than those of our competitors. That is why I decided to call it 'Land Cruiser'," he recalls.

1954 - The 125 hp, 3.9-liter Type F gasoline engine added for the fire-engine chassis. Models are renamed as:

BJ-T (Touring),

BJ-R (Radio),

BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine),

FJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

20 Series

20 Series

Production

1955-1960

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door Softtop

2-door Hardtop

2-door pickup truck

4-door Station wagon

Layout

FR layout

Engine(s)

3.9 L I6 F petrol

Wheelbase

2,710 mm (106.7 in)

1955 - The Second generation, 20 Series was introduced. It was designed to have more civilian appeal than the BJ for export reasons. It also had more stylish bodywork and a better ride thanks to longer four-plate leaf springs which had been adapted from the Toyota Light Truck. It had a more powerful 3.9-liter six-cylinder Type F gasoline engine. The interior of the vehicles were made more comfortable by moving the engine 120 mm (4.7 in) forward. The 20 Series still had no low range, but it had synchromesh on the third and fourth gears.

1958 - The first Station wagon Land Cruiser was introduced with an even longer 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase (the FJ35V; wagon and van). The FJ25 production started in Brazil being the first Toyota vehicle built outside Japan.

1957 - A 4-door Station Wagon was added as the FJ35V. Land Cruisers were first imported into Australia by B&D Motors as FJ25/28 cab chassis with Australian made bodies. They were the first Japanese cars to be regularly exported to the country and were initially used in the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Scheme.

40 Series

40 Series

Also called

Toyota Macho (Venezuela)

Production

1960-1984

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara,Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door Softtop

2-door Hardtop

2-door pickup truck

4-door Station wagon

Layout

FR layout

Engine(s)

3.0 L I6 B diesel

3.9 L I6 F petrol

4.2 L I6 2F petrol

3.6 L I6 H diesel

Wheelbase

90 in (2286 mm)

Length

151.2 in (3840.5 mm)

Width

65.6 in (1666.2 mm)

Height

Softtop 76.8 in (1950.7 mm)

Hardtop 78.8 in (2001.5 mm)

Curb weight

Softtop 3,263 lb (1,480 kg)

Hardtop 3,427 lb (1,554 kg)

Fuel capacity

18.5 US gallons

Main article: Toyota FJ40

1960 - The 20 Series was upgraded to the now classic 40. Toyota made many production changes by buying new steel presses. Mechanically, the FJ40 was given a new 125 hp, 3.9 liter F engine and the Land Cruiser finally received low-range gearing. The Brazilian model was rebadged the Bandeirante and received a Mercedes-Benz built Diesel Engine generating 78 hp.

1965 - Global production surpassed 50,000 vehicles.

The Land Cruiser was the best selling Toyota in the United States.

1968 - The 100,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.

1972 - The 200,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.

1973 - The 300,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide.

The first diesel Land Cruiser was introduced for export on long wheelbase models with a six-cylinder H engine[citation needed].

1974 - A four-cylinder 3.0-liter B diesel was offered. The introduction of this engine boosted sales in Japan by putting the Land Cruiser in a lower tax compact Freight-car category than its 3.9-liter gasoline version. Note: the new B diesel engine was different from the B gasoline engine used in the original BJ.

1975 - The 3.9-liter gasoline engine was replaced by a larger, more powerful 4.2-liter 2F unit.

The FJ55 received front disc brakes.

1976 - United States-version FJ40 Land Cruisers received front disc brakes like the FJ55.

The Toyota Land Cruiser Association was founded in California.

1977 - The Irish Army took delivery of the first of 77 FJ45 Land Cruisers. Although fast, reliable and with good off-road performance the type tended to rust excessively in the wet Irish climate. A few which did not succumb to the effects of weather were repainted in gloss olive green and survive as ceremonial gun tractors at military funerals.

1978 - The first BJ / FJ40 and FJ55 models were officially sold in West Germany with both diesel (BJ40) and petrol engines (FJ40 /55).

1979 - United States-version FJ40s were updated this year with a new wider, square bezel surrounding the headlights.

Power Steering and cooler were offered in FJ40s for the first time.

The diesel engine was improved, evolving into the 3.2-liter 2B only in Japan.

The 3.6-liter H diesel engine was optional in some markets.

1981 - the Diesel version received front disc brakes and the more powerful 3.4-liter 3B engine.

50 Series

50 Series

Production

1967-1980

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

4-door station wagon

Layout

Front engine four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

3.9 L I6 F petrol

4.2 L I6 2F petrol

Transmission(s)

3 or 4-speed manual (J30, H41 or H42)

Wheelbase

2,710 mm (106.7 in)

Length

4,673 mm (184.0 in)

Width

1,710 mm (67.3 in)

Height

1,864 mm (73.4 in)

1967 - Production of the FJ55 began. The FJ55 was a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40's Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It was colloquially known as the "Moose". It has also been referred to as a pig or an iron pig. The FJ55 had a longer wheelbase 2710 mm and was designed to be sold in North America and Australia.

Jan 1975 saw the F engine replaced by the 2F engine. Unusually for Toyota, the model (eg FJ55) did not change.

Model 56 is in Japan only, with 2F engine ( Jan. 1975 - Jul. 1980 ).

60 Series

60 Series

Also called

Toyota Samurai (Venezuela)

Production

1980-1990

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

4-door station wagon

Layout

Front engine, four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

3.4 L I4 3B diesel

3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 2F petrol

4.0 L I6 3F petrol

4.0 L I6 2H diesel

4.0 L I6 12H-T diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

4.2 L I6 1HD-T diesel turbo

Transmission(s)

4-speed manual H41F or H42F

4-speed automatic A440F

5-speed manual H55F (non-US)

Wheelbase

2,730 mm (107.5 in)

Length

4,675 mm (184.1 in)

Width

1,800 mm (70.9 in)

Height

1,750 mm (68.9 in)

The original Toyota Land Cruiser FJ 60 was available for purchase from 1981 through 1987. It is a front engine four door wagon which has available seating of five to seven. It is well known in the off-roading community for it's tremendous 4X4 capabilities, despite being somewhat limited by its poor departure angle. The FJ 60 was offered in the following solid exterior colors: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Freeborn Red, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colors: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Gray-Blue, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver. In contrast to the FJ 62, the FJ 60 exhibits the classic round Land Cruiser headlights which are replicated now on the retro-style FJ Cruiser.

1980 - The 60 series was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of previous Land Cruisers, the 60 was designed to better compete in the emerging sport utility vehicle market. The 60 was given a variety of comforts like air conditioning, a rear heater and an upgraded interior. The FJ60's "2F" petrol engine was left unchanged from the "40" series while six-cylinder 4.0 litre 2H and four-cylinder 3.4 litre 3B diesel engines were added to the product line.

1981 - Land Cruiser sales surpassed 1 million and a high-roof version was introduced. The 60 was introduced to South Africa when a stock Land Cruiser competed in the Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the punishing wilds of Botswana.

1984 - This was the final year for the 40. Specialist suppliers of aftermarket parts and restorers who return old FJ40s to better-than-new condition replace Toyota dealers as the main source of Land Cruiser expertise.

1984 - Alongside the 60, the Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series were introduced.

1985 - The Direct-injection 12H-T and 13B-T turbodiesel engine were introduced.

1988 - The petrol engine was upgraded to a 4.0-litre 3F-E EFI engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing the Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.

1990 - The 80 series station wagon was introduced, replacing the 60. The 80 was initially offered with a choice of three engines; the 3F-E six-cylinder petrol engine, a six-cylinder the 1HZ diesel and 1HD-T direct injection turbodiesel.

1990 - All 80s sold in North America and Europe now have a full-time four-wheel drive system. In Japan, Africa and Australia, a part-time system was still available. 80s produced between 1990 and 1991 had an open centre differential which was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO. From 1992 onward, vehicles with anti-lock brakes had a viscous coupling that sent a maximum of 30% torque to the non-slipping axle. The differential was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO.

Toyota Land Cruiser facelift (U.S.)

19871990 Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ62RG) GX (Australia)

70 Series

70 Series

Also called

Toyota Machito [2 Doors model](Venezuela)

Production

1984-Present

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara,Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

2-door pickup truck

2-door softtop / hardtop / troopie

4-door van

Layout

Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

4.0 L I6 3F petrol

4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol

4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

2.4 L I4 2L diesel

2.4 L I4 2L-T diesel turbo

3.4 L I5 PZ diesel

3.4 L I4 13B-T diesel turbo

2.4 L I4 22R petrol

4.5 L V8 1VD diesel turbo

Transmission(s)

5-speed manual

Wheelbase

2,980 mm (117.3 in)

Length

4,995 mm (196.7 in)

Width

1,415 mm (55.7 in)

Height

2,070 mm (81.5 in)

Fuel capacity

1 or 2 90-litre tanks each

Main article: Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series

BJ74 Mid wheel base FRP-top 3.4D-T LX (Japan)

HZJ75LV Troop Carrier 4.2D

HZJ79R Cab-chassis 4.2D

New South Wales Rural Fire Service Toyota Land Cruiser Personnel carrier

1984 - 70 Series was introduced. 70Heavy as a soft-top, hard-top, FRP top, utility, cab-chassis, and Troop Carrier (inward facing rear seats).The petrol engine was replaced with a 4.0-litre 3F engine. The 70 Light had a four-wheel coil spring solid-axle suspension for better ride quality. This lighter duty version of the Land Cruiser had the 22R 2.4-litre gasoline engine, 2L and 2L-T ( turbo ) 2.4-litre diesel engines commonly found in the Toyota Hilux. The 70 Light was sold in some markets as the Bundera or the Landcruiser II, later called 70 Prado. The 70 Prado eventually became popular and evolved into the 90. An automatic transmission (A440F) was introduced making it the first four-wheel drive Japanese vehicle with an automatic transmission.

1990 - New-generation diesel engines were introduced including a five-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1PZ),and a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1 HZ).

1993 to 1996 - the KZ 3 litre turbocharged diesel engine replaced the LJ in the 70 series in European markets where this model was known as the KZJ70.

1993 - An advanced 24-valve, 4.5-litre six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced.

1999 - Toyota updated the 70 series in several ways. The solid front axle received coil-spring suspension. The rear leaf springs were lengthened for increased ride comfort and wheel travel. The six-bolt wheels were replaced with five-bolt wheels. Several smaller modifications to the drivetrain provided increased durability. The long-wheel-base models received new designations: 78 for the troop carrier, and 79 for the pick-up.

2002 - HDJ79 is introduced to Australia with the 1HD-FTE 4.2-litre six-cylinder 24-valve turbodiesel EFI engine.

2007 - Toyota's first turbodiesel V8 engine, the 1VD-FTV was released in some countries for the 70 Series Land Cruiser. Other modifications include the addition of a 4-door medium-wheel-base model (the 76) and a significantly altered front look on all models.

The Sixth and Seventh generations of the Land Cruiser are still being produced and sold in African and Latin American regions, Venezuela is one of them, the Sixth generation is sold under the nickname of "Machito"(MACHO in Spanish is a very strong man, MACHITO is his son) and the Seventh being nicknamed "Autana" (After a mountain in the Gran Sabana region of Venezuela). NOTE: Production of the seventh generation of the Land Cruiser in Venezuela ended in 2008.

The 70 series (6th generation) is also still marketed in Australia as 4-door medium wheelbase, 2-door 'Troop Carrier' and 2-door utility.

80 Series

80 Series

Also called

Toyota Burbuja (Colombia Ver.)

Toyota Autana

Lexus LX

Production

1990-1997

Assembly

ARACO

Toyota City, Aichi, Japan

Cuman, Venezuela

Body style(s)

4-door SUV

Layout

Front engine / four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

4.0 L I6 3F petrol

4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol

4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

Transmission(s)

4-speed automatic

5-speed manual

Wheelbase

2,850 mm (112.2 in)

Length

4,780 mm (188.2 in) (1990-94)

4,820 mm (189.8 in) (1995-97)

Width

1,830 mm (72.0 in) (1990-91)

1,930 mm (76.0 in) (1992-97)

Height

1,785 mm (70.3 in) (1990-91)

1,860 mm (73.2 in) (1992-94)

1,870 mm (73.6 in) (1995-97)

The Land Cruiser 80 series was introduced in late 1989. It had swing-out back doors, which were replaced by a winch door in 1995. The Land Cruiser was nicknamed the Burbuja (Bubble) in Colombia and Venezuela due to its roundness, but it was officially released as Land Cruiser Autana in both countries (In reference to Venezuelan Tepuys).

A 80 Series Land Cruiser

with swing-out back-doors

( Model HZJ81V Japan)

1995-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser (US)

1995-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser

with an electric winch

(HDJ81V Japan)

1990 - New-generation diesel engines were introduced, a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated motor (1HZ) , and a six-cylinder SOHC turbo-charged engine (1HD-T). Land Cruiser sales reached 2 million vehicles. The 80 was introduced to the Australian market with two diesel and a four litre inline six-cylinder petrol carb engine 3F.(derived from the earlier 2F petrol motor from the 60 series.) By mid 1991 the 3FE was introduced which was a fuel injected version of the 3F.

1993 - An advanced 24-valve, 4.5-litre six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced. Larger brakes were added from October 1992 and the total wheelbase was made slightly longer.Front and Rear Axle lockers (code k294) appeared as an option.

1994 - A limited edition Land Cruiser Blue Marlin FZJ80R was introduced into the Australian market. They have 4.5 L straight 6 petrol motors with double overhead cams, automatic or manual transmission and 158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4600 rpm. The car is blue from the Blue Marlin fish and they have the Blue Marlin logo throughout the car. Some of the features that the Blue Marlin included were altimeters, power windows, disk brakes, leather gear knob and Steering Wheel, central locking, leather trim, chrome handles and sidesteps, 16" alloy wheels, limited slip diff, ABS (antilock brakes), power steering, CD and cassette players, flares and a limited edition bull bar. Only 500 were made.

1995 - Driver and passenger airbags were introduced as were adjustable shoulder-belt anchors and an anti-lock braking system. The "T O Y O T A" badge was replaced with the modern Toyota logo (which is sometimes described as a "bean with a hat" aka "the sombrero").

1996 - In the Dakar Rally, a pair of Land Cruisers finished first and second in the unmodified production class. All American and British 80s adopted anti-lock brakes and airbags as standard equipment. Alongside the 70 and 80, the 90 Prado was added. The 90 Prado was made by Tahara Plant, available as a 3-door short wheelbase and 5-door long wheelbase version with either the 5VZ-FE petrol engine (24-valve six-cylinder, 3.4-litre), the 3RZ-FS (four-cylinder 2.7-litre) petrol engine or the 1KZ-TE turbodiesel (four-cylinder 3.0-litre) and 5L diesel(four-cylinder 3.0-litre). The Land Cruiser was withdrawn from Canada this year and was replaced by the Lexus LX.

1997- A limited run of Land Cruiser 80s was built specifically for collectors and therefore called the Land Cruiser Collector's Edition. The Collectors Edition sported Collectors Edition badging, "Collector's Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, wheels with the "D" windows painted dark grey and special grey side moldings, and black pearl badging. The Collectors Edition was only available for the 1997 model year and the package was added to many of the available body colors.

1997- An unknown number of FZJ-80 Land Cruisers were sold in the United States as "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" models. They were available in 2 colours; Antique Sage Pearl (Often referred to as Riverrock, Pewter or Grey) and Emerald Green. The 40th Anniversary models included apron badging, a serial number badge on the centre console, black pearl exterior badges, "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, two-tone tan and brown leather interiors and wheels with the "D" windows painted dark gray. Many were manufactured with the optional electric front and rear locking differentials, keyless entry, port-installed roof racks and running boards. There are some examples that did not have many of these extras.

2008- Last 80-Series vehicle was built in Venezuela which was the only country producing the vehicles after production ended in Japan in 1997.

90 Series

90 Series

Also called

Toyota Mer (Venezuela)

Production

1996-present

90=Short wheel base

95=Long wheel base

100 Series

100 Series

Also called

Lexus LX,

Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon (UK 1998-2003)

Production

1998-2007

Assembly

ARACO

Yoshiwara, Aichi, Japan

Body style(s)

4-door SUV

Engine(s)

4.5 L I6 1FZ petrol

4.2 L I6 1HD diesel turbo

4.2 L I6 1HZ diesel

4.7 L V8 2UZ petrol

Transmission(s)

6-speed manual,

5-speed automatic

Wheelbase

2,850 mm (112 in)

Length

4,890 mm (193 in)

Width

1,941 mm (76.4 in)

Height

1,849 mm (72.8 in)

Curb weight

2,320 kg (5,100 lb)

Fuel capacity

80 l (21 US gal)

Toyota Land Cruiser (US)

19982002 Toyota Land Cruiser (FZJ105R) GXL.

1998 - Toyota introduced the 100 Land Cruiser to replace the 80.

At launch the UZJ100 featured the first eight-cylinder engine (4.7-litre 32-valve 2UZ-FE petrol engine) in a Toyota four wheel drive.

Other engines in non-US markets included the 1HD-FT/E turbodiesel.

For the first time in Land Cruiser history, the 100 Series featured independent front suspension for increased on-road handling. In Africa and certain other markets, Toyota offered a 105 model, which retained the solid front axle for more demanding off-road use.

The Land Cruiser won Australian 4WD Monthly's "4x4 Of The Year" award for the third time in a row.

It was called the Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK until 2003.

1999 - In 1999 Toyota worked with Sega to produce an advertising tie-in for the Land Cruiser 100/Cygnus and other vehicles using the Sega Dreamcast. These featured detailed 3D models of the cars and other promotional video.

2000 - 50th Anniversary of the Land Cruiser. Total global production to date is 3.72 million vehicles.

90 Prados get active traction control (Active TRAC), Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), and electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) systems as standard equipment in some markets.

2002 - All new 120 Prado is released and the 100 is restyled.

The centre of gravity was lowered by 30 mm, ensuring better stability and dual fuel tanks with a total capacity of 180 L in the new 120 Prado.

Downhill Assist Control and Hill-start Assist Control enhance the vehicle's stability under difficult off-road conditions.

2007 - Toyota unveils the Lexus LX570 URJ200 at the 2007 New York Auto Show.

For model year 2007 on Japanese models only, G-Book, a subscription telematics service, is offered as an option.

200 Series

200 Series

Also called

Toyota Roraima (Venezuela)

Production

2008-present

Assembly

Toyota Auto body

Toyota City, Aichi, Japan

Tahara, Aichi Japan

Tianjin China

Body style(s)

4-door SUV

Layout

Front engine / four-wheel drive

Engine(s)

4.0 L V6 1GR petrol

2.7 L I4 2TR petrol

4.6 L V8 1UR petrol

5.7 L V8 3UR petrol

4.7 L V8 2UZ petrol

4.5 L V8 1VD diesel turbo

Transmission(s)

6-speed automatic

5-speed automatic

5-speed manual

Wheelbase

2,850 mm (112.2 in)

Length

4,950 mm (194.9 in)

Width

1,970 mm (77.6 in)

Height

1,880 mm (74.0 in)

Related

Lexus LX

The Toyota Land Cruiser was redesigned for 2008. Known as the 200 Series, it will share the 2008 Lexus LX's platform and overall design. Though many time-honored Land Cruiser supporters have welcomed the re-invigoration of the mechanical aspects of the vehicle, the 200 Series has encountered criticism due to its controversial body restyling, with some claiming that Toyota has 'overdeveloped' the classic trademarked Land Cruiser identity in its efforts to fit the Land Cruiser in to modern 21st century motoring. Toyota presented its completely redesigned Land Cruiser in October at the 2007 Australian International Motor Show in Sydney. The vehicle entered production in September and was available for sale in November 2007. Although the new Land Cruiser was presented at its first motor show in Sydney, it was already on sale in Japan, launched there in September 2007. It also became available in Venezuela for sale early in November under the local nickname of "Roraima" (Taken from Mount Roraima in Venezuela). The 200 Series is offered in three different levels of trim in Australia and Oceania:

GXL

VX

Sahara

The 200 Series, offered numerous features and upgrades over its predecessor not limited to the cosmetic changes made to the body and interior, including:

Smart Entry - A sensor is triggered when the remote is brought near the vehicle, allowing the user to simply touch the door handle to open it.

Smart Start - Start/Stop push button for ignition; a key is not required.

4-zone climate control on Sahara models, with outlet vents increased from 18 to 28

10 airbags (VX & Sahara)

Stronger and lighter frame

Various driver assist technologies not offered on previous models including:

CRAWL; a four-wheel drive control system that operates like an off-road cruise control, automatically maintaining a low uniform vehicle speed using brakes and throttle.

Downhill Assist Control

A newly developed ABS system, the multi-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS)

Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS), allows for greater wheel articulation

Engine and transmission improvements include:

An all new optional V8 Diesel engine, the Toyota VD engine (A Twin-turbo version of the engine used in the 70 Series since 2007).

Automatic transmission standard across all levels of trim of the 200 Series, 5-speed manual transmission is offered only with the 4.0L GX models (in selected regions). A five-speed automatic gearbox is assigned to the 4.7L petrol models, while the 4.5L diesel models receive a six-speed automatic.

Sales numbers

Calendar year

United States

2000

15,509

2001

7,591

2002

6,752

2003

6,671

2004

6,778

2005

4,870

2006

3,376

2007

3,251

2008

3,801

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Toyota Land Cruiser

Toyota FJ40

Toyota FJ Cruiser

Toyota Land Cruiser 70 Series

Toyota Land Cruiser Prado

Lexus LX

References

^ Autoweb Australia

^ "SPY PHOTOS: More New Toyota LandCruiser". Worldcarfans.com. 2007-02-13. http://www.worldcarfans.com/10702135056/spy-photos-more-new-toyota-landcruiser. Retrieved 2010-01-16. 

^ GoAutoMedia (2008-04-05). "Lexus LX LX570 5-dr wagon - First drive: LX570 is the lap of Lexus SUV luxury". GoAuto. http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/6A92D5E6237743F3CA25741E0004C020. Retrieved 2010-01-16. 

^ "Toyota 200 Series LandCruiser - www.drive.com.au". Drive.com.au. 2008-01-11. http://www.drive.com.au/Editorial/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=47213. Retrieved 2010-01-16. 

^ a b c The Story of Land Cruiser. Tokyo: 4x4 Magazine Co.. 1985. http://forum.ih8mud.com/fj25-owners-group/241941-toyota-historical-pictures-3.html. 

^ "The Long Run Toyota: The first 40 years in Australia", Pedr Davis, South Hurstville: Type Forty Pty Ltd, 1999, ISBN 0-947079-908, p24.

^ "Land Cruisers from Japan". The Age: p. 1. September 20, 1957. 

^ O'Kane, Tony (January 18, 2010). "2010 Toyota Landcruiser 76 Series GXL Wagon Road Test and Review". The Motor Report. http://www.themotorreport.com.au/48703/2010-toyota-landcruiser-76-series-gxl-wagon-road-test-and-review/. Retrieved January 19, 2010. 

^ a b c d e f g "Toyota Vehicle Identification Manual", Toyota Motor Corporation, Overseas Parts Department, Catalog No.97913-84, 1984, Japan

^ "Toyota Mer" (in Spanish). http://www.toyota.com.ve/cars/new_cars/land_cruiser_90/index.asp. Retrieved 2010-01-10. 

^ "Car cutaway: Toyota Land Cruiser (1998) | ModernOffroader.com USA : SUV / Crossover / Truck / Hybrid". Modernoffroader.com. 2009-05-06. http://www.modernoffroader.com/car-cutaway-toyota-land-cruiser-1998/289/. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ "Toyota Doricatch Series - Land Cruiser 100/Cygnus ( LAND CRUISER /CYGNUS)". SegaGaGa. 2007-08-17. http://www.segagagadomain.com/dreamcast-ntsc3/toyota-landcruiser.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-20. 

^ a b Toyota Japan 2009 Land Cruiser Prado

^ "Toyota Japan Land Cruiser (engine)" (in Japanese). 2009. http://toyota.jp/landcruiser/dynamism/engin/index.html. Retrieved 2009-06-17. 

^ Toyota USA 2007 (2008 US model year) Land Cruiser press release

^ Toyota Japan 2009 Land Cruiser

^ "Toyota Sets Sales Record for Sixth Year in a Row". Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/01/03/034042.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ "Toyota Announces Best Sales Year in Its 46-Year History, Breaks Sales Record for Eighth Year in a Row". Theautochannel.com. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175869.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ "Toyota Reports 2005 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. 2006-01-04. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/01/04/205039.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ "Toyota Reports 2007 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. 2008-01-03. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2008/01/03/074293.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

^ "Toyota Reports 2008 and December Sales". Theautochannel.com. 2009-01-05. http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2009/01/05/346214.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12. 

External links

Official Toyota Land Cruiser site - UK (English)

Land Cruiser Club of Southern Africa (LCCSA)

Official Toyota Website

Toyota Land Cruiser Association (TLCA)

TLC SERIE-4 FRANCE -only 40 serie LANDCRUISER

Land Cruiser Heritage

A history of the Toyota Land Cruiser

Toyota Land Cruiser Reviews Specs | Images

Toyota Land Cruiser crossing Tungufljot on road F338. | Video

Australian 80 series

The German Land Cruiser Club

Toyota Land Cruiser Data Library

buschtaxi.org - biggest european website for Toyota Offroaders

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Toyota Motor Corporation

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Toyota light truck timeline, North American market, 1980sresent (model years)

Type

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0

Compact Crossover

RAV4

RAV4

RAV4

Compact SUV

4Runner

4Runner

FJ Cruiser

Mid-size Crossover

Highlander

Highlander

Mid-size SUV

4Runner

4Runner

4Runner

Full-size SUV

Land Cruiser

Land Cruiser

Land Cruiser

Land Cruiser

Sequoia

Sequoia

Minivan

Toyota Van

Previa

Sienna

Sienna

Pickup

Toyota Pickup

Toyota Pickup

Toyota Pickup

Tacoma

Tacoma

T100

Tundra

Tundra

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NGK Iridium Plug All Years Argo VANGUARD2 6X6 B&S OHV If you know about precision and performance for your motorcycle and ATV, then you know about NGK spark plugs. NGK/NTK technical ceramics is the leading manufacturer of automotive, ATV and motorcycle spark plugs - NGK plugs are OEM equipment in more vehicle models than any other brand. Designed to US, European and Japanese OEM engine specifications, NGKs Iridium series power-sport plugs deliver ...

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NGK Iridium Plug All Years Argo VANGUARD 6X6 B&S OHV If you know about precision and performance for your motorcycle and ATV, then you know about NGK spark plugs. NGK/NTK technical ceramics is the leading manufacturer of automotive, ATV and motorcycle spark plugs - NGK plugs are OEM equipment in more vehicle models than any other brand. Designed to US, European and Japanese OEM engine specifications, NGKs Iridium series power-sport plugs deliver ...

Mower Engine

Tips For Maintaining Petrol Lawn Mowers

Many people that buy petrol lawn mowers do not realize that they need to do a bit more than change the oil and make sure the blade is in Good Condition. In particular, you should always make sure that you change or clean the Spark Plug on a regular basis. This will also give you an opportunity to check for cracks in the wire casing, as well as help you understand the overall condition of the engine.

If you have ever performed routine maintenance on an auto mobile engine, then you may realize that certain types of corrosion or discolouration on the spark plugs can serve as vital indicators about engine wear. For example, if the tip of the plug has black, oily reside on it, then you know that the engine is burning oil. While a Lawn Mower Engine is much smaller and less complicated than an auto mobile engine, it still works on the same principles. Therefore, when it comes to maintaining garden lawn mowers, you can look at spark plugs in order to estimate how long the mower will last.

During the process of maintaining petrol lawnmowers, you should also make it a point to change the Air Filter. Unfortunately, most people simply leave the filter in place for the life of the mower. Needless to say, when the filter gets clogged, it will deprive the engine of air, and cause the engine to die out more. Chances are, you would be amazed at how much better your lawn mower will perform when you change this filter on a regular basis.

 

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